Data Communication and Networking
Data Communication and Networking:- " One device to another device data transmission/exchange/send via any medium/channel that is called Data Communication"
Use two type medium/channel during data transmission/exchange/send.
1. Guided (Wire)
For example- Twisted pair, Coaxial cable etc.
2. Unguided (Wireless)
For example- Radio wave, Microwave signals etc.
Data Communication characteristics
Data Communication characteristics:- Fundamental characteristics of data communication as follows.
1. Delivery: Sender sends data to deliver the correct receiver/destination. Data only deliver to receiver access by the receiver device or user.
2. Accuracy: Accurate data send by the sender to the receiver. Data accurately transmission without any loss.
3. Timeliness: It data or message also must be delivered within time to the receiver.
4. Reliability: There are not any authorized access in communication channel during data transmission. A message must be reliable to the receiver in data communication
Data Communication Component
Data communication stream define a standard model from Data transmission key element as follow.
1.Sender
2.Transmission medium
3.Receiver
4.Message
5.Protocol
1. Sender: A Sender is a device which use to transmit data to the receiver over a specific medium. It can be a computer system, mobile or other telecommunication devices.
2. Transmission medium: Medium is the channel or physical path through which the message is carried from sender to receiver. The medium can be wired or wireless.
3. Receiver: Receiver is a device which used to receive data from the sender over a specific medium. It can be a computer system mobile, telephone other telecommunication devices.
4. Message: Message is the information or data to be communicated. It can consist of text numbers picture song or video or any combination of these.
5. Protocol: Protocol is a set of rules that govern the communication between the device is both sender and receiver follow same protocol to communicate with each other.
Data Communication and Networking Transmission mode
DCN Transmission mode:- Transmission mode referred to the way of communication between sender and receiver is communication channel use Specific way for data communication. We can classify it into three parts. 1.Simplex Mode
2.Half duplex mode
3.Full-duplex mode
1.Simplex Mode:- Simplex mode is also known as the easiest transmission mode of data communication in this mode the only sender can transmit data to a receiver. The receiver does not reply to the sender in simplex mode. There is one-way communication exist transmission code. We can explain simplex transmission mode by the following a diagram.
For example radio keyboard mouse etc
2.Half duplex mode:- Half duplex mode is an extended form of simplex mode. It provides both way communication sender to receiver and receiver to sender. It half duplex mode there can be single way data transmission possible at the particular time. Both devices sender and receiver do not transmit data same time in half-duplex mode. We can explain it in the following diagram.
Example walkie citizen band
3.Full-duplex mode:- full duplex mode effective mode from data communication it provides both the sender to receiver and receiver to sender send data at same time. Most of metric in today era use full duplex mode for data communication. We explain full-duplex mode by the following a diagram.
Example mobile telephone etc
Network or Types of Network
Network:- Two or more computer linked by any medium and share resources exchange data or information its called network.
Types of Network:- There are following types of network.
1.LAN (local area network)
2.MAN (metropolitan area network)
3.WAN (wide area network)
1.LAN (local area network):- A LAN(local area network) generally use for small organization, a single building, school, and college. LAN use Ethernet technology.
LAN provides the following features.
- Geographical:- Local area network used for communication between two or more computer or devices, generally use in a small organization, a single building, school, and college
- No. Of Users:- Local area network work for multiple users but when increase no of users LAN performance slow.
- Size:- LAN is limited in size, its only for small areas or a few meters.
- Transmission Speed:- A LAN network fastest network, its speed from 10Mbps to 10Gbps.
- Medium:- LAN provide guided/wire medium like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.
- Security:- LAN provide high security as compare MAN and WAN.
- Topology:- LAN network these topologies include, Bus, Ring, Star.
- Cost:- Local area network is cost-effective high than MAN
Advantage of LAN
- LAN fast transmission speed.
- LAN cost effective
- LAN provides high security
- LAN best network for resource sharing
Disadvantage of LAN
- Local area network requires time for Administrative/management.
- Local area network best for the limited user but when increase no of users file server may fail.
- LAN network failed when cables break.
2.MAN (metropolitan area network):- Metropolitan area network expend of LAN, MAN is large computer network as comparing LAN. MAN generally use for a city and a large campus. MAN use Ethernet and SMDS ( service megabits )
- Geographical:- A MAN network expend of LAN, MAN generally uses for several buildings and a city.
- No. Of Users:- Metropolitan area network limited users but lager no of users either then LAN.
- Size:- MAN is limited in size, it's only for 5 to 50km area.
- Transmission Speed:- A MAN network fastest network, its speed from 1Mbps to 150Mbps.
- Medium:- MAN provides guided/wire and Unguided/wireless, medium like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and radio wave.
- Security:- MAN provide low security as comparing LAN But high security as compare WAN.
- Topology:- MAN network these topologies include, tree.
- Cost:- MAN cost effective network than LAN.
Advantage of MAN:-
MAN is best network for file/resources sharing
MAN work with guided/unguided both medium.
MAN best network for a city, Airport, multiple buildings.
MAN can cover wide area compare to LAN.
Disadvantage of MAN:-
MAN need more security than LAN
MAN transmission slow rather then LAN
3. WAN ( wide area network ):-
Wide area network cover whole geographical area like country or even world. WAN use Ethernet and wifi technology for data transmission.
- Geographical:- WAN cover whole world.
- No. Of Users:- WAN unlimited user data transmission.
- Size:- WAN size world wide
- Transmission Speed:- A WAN network fastest network, its speed from 1Mbps to 20Mbps.
- Medium:- WAN provides Unguided/wireless, medium like radio wave.
- Security:- WAN needs higher security than MAN and LAN
- Topology:- WAN network these topologies include, hybrid.
- Cost:- WAN estimated cost low compression other networks.
Advantage of WAN:-
WAN cover whole geographical area.
WAN unlimited users.
Disadvantage of WAN:-
WAN need higher security.
WAN data transmission speed slow.
Data Communication and Networking
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